Space,time,etc.

                                                       
                                                                       Spiral Galaxy NGC 3982



Date: Sun, 26 Mar 2006 10:53:01 -0800 (PST)
From: "bill dality"
Subject: What is the force causing space to expand?
To: tomas@yahoo.ca

What fuels cosmic acceleration/expansion is an open and tantalizing mystery.
Einstein believed that there was only one force wch manifested in different interconvertible forms,but he was unable to formulate a unifying theory showing how the apparently diverse forces are related/interchangeable. .

Perhaps that "the force of expansion appears to be an anti-gravity force" is just another illusion of the senses.

If the universe formed in the way that a bubble forms then it could have an outer encapsulating skin or shell (like an eggshell). Depending on the thickness and mass density of this enclosing shell ,it may exert sufficient gravitational/attractive force on the internal mass/energy content of the universe to account for the observations of the outward expansion of the universe.
Alternatively one might think of the "force of expansion" as the explosive force of the initial Big Fart continueing to impel objects outwards.
 The shockwave emanating from the Big Bang shot out at the highest speed possible--i.e. "light speed"!
Or perhaps the galaxies movement/falling outward toward the border of a finite universe,is powered by an unknown attractive force located at the outer boundary of the universe (entropy?)? --like a powerful vacuum sucking mass/energy towards itself.If the universe is finite,then beyond it's edge/boundary is a region of zero density/ nothingness wch the universe is expanding into(being sucked into).

If light waves are also stretched (red-shifted)as space expands then all measurements of spatial distance will be affected/distorted as the measuring rod(light) used to measure distance is itself lenghened!
It is well known that at high velocities ,space contracts.(Fitzgerald/Lorenz)
 This contraction of space may neutralize the expansion of space observed by astronomers.
If at near light velocities space collapses then the distance between any two points A and B approaches zero, and this distance can be traversed instantaneously. (that is ,in zero time). Since space and time are integrally coupled , the collapse of space necessitates the concurrent collapse of time.

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Date: Sun, 26 Mar 2006 12:32:21 -0500 (EST)
From: "tomas "
Subject: Re: The Big Bang was a Big Fart?!
To: "bill dality"


PERHAPS THE UNIVERSE IS A GIANT KLEIN´S BOTTLE AND THERE IS
ONLY ONE GRAVITY FORCE WHICH CIRCULATES AROUND, SO IT MAY
APPEAR AS ANOTHER (ANTIGRAVITY) FORCE BUT IS REALLY THE SAME FORCE WHICH RESURFACES BEHIND ITSELF.


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Date: Sun, 26 Mar 2006 12:40:03 -0500 (EST)
From: "tomas "
Subject: Re: Speed (and direction)of time ....is not constant
To: "bill dality"


THE LATEST RESEARCH SHOWS THAT A CAT WHICH FALLS OFF THE
EIGHT FLOOR HAS A 30% BETTER CHANCE SURVIVING THAN A CAT WHICH FALLS OFF THE SEVENTH FLOOR. THE REASON WHY THIS HAPPENS IS THAT THE AVERAGE TIME A CAT TAKES TO FIGURE OUT WHAT IS GOING ON IS THE TIME EQUAL TO THE FALLTIME FROM THE EIGHT FLOOR, SO IT CAN ASSUME, JUST BEFORE THE LANDING, THE CORRECT LANDING POSTURE OF PAWS DOWN. A CAT WHICH FALLS FROM THE SEVENTH FLOOR DOES NOT HAVE TIME TO DO THIS.

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bill dality wrote:

With regard to the variable speed of time flow, Einstein said that the greater the velocity of an observational frame of reference the slower the speed at wch time flows.
When things travel at speeds close to the speed of light, time slows down.
 For example, if you were travelling for 10 years in a spaceship that could go at 95% the speed of light then 32 years would go by for the people that stayed on Earth.
Thus time slows down as one approachs the speed of light,and at the speed of light time stops and stands still.
What is really interesting is that beyond "light speed" time reverses and flows backwards!
The implication is that if and when the speed of expansion of the universe exceeds the speed of light, the expansion stops and the reverse process of spatial contraction begins!That is, the universe begins a return to it's origin.!
Einstein said that space and time are welded together into a uniform four-dimensional continuum.
The question of whether or not the universe would continue to expand forever has centered upon how much total mass/energy the universe contains.
But by this new line of thought the total mass/energy content of the universe is irrelevent to this question.
The answer depends exclusively on whether the speed of expansion can reach and exceed the speed of light!

P.Z.Current measurements indicate that the speed of expansion of space is accelerating!
At the current rate of acceleration ,how long will it take for the speed of expansion of the universe to reach and exceed light speed and therefore reach the limit of expansion ?
http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/question.php?number=346

When the speed at wch the "expansion of space" reaches the speed of light,
"time" becomes a constant equal to "1"

Thus time slows down as one approachs the speed of light,and at the speed of light

time stops and stands still.

A photon in such a universe would not be capable of advancing/moving.
The photon  would simply be standing still--like treading water,--since the space ahead of it along with the space within wch it is embedded would be expanding at the same speed as it is traveling at. That is, the space through wch the photon is moving is streching at the same speed as the the photon is moving at.
Indeed when the speed of expansion of space exceeds light speed, the photon would appear to be moving backward!

A "black hole" is a place where space is "falling"/contracting faster than the speed of light, In a black hole  a photon swims upward as fast as possible (at the speed of light),yet the waterfall of space carries it into the black hole--a place of infinite curvature where space and time come to an end.
Visualize the photon as a fish swimming upstream in a river. If the fish is swimming as fast as it possibly can (i.E. at light speed) ,but the water is flowing in the opposite direction at the same speed,the fish cannot  make any progress, and remains motionless. But when the current flows with more velocity than the fish can swim at, then the current will carry the fish backwards!
A "white hole" would be the mathematical reciprocal of this, and would involve energy spontaneously coming into existence and emerging faster than the speed of light from a singularity (perhaps this is what happened at the Big Bang?)

As the velocity of spatial expansion approaches  light speed,time slows ,...and when it reaches light speed time comes to a stop! As the expansion rate exceeds light speed,,time begins to move backwards--wch means that the outward expansion of the universe reverses direction and turns into an inward contraction/implosion!

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Date: Thu, 23 Mar 2006 11:51:41 -0800 (PST)
From: "bill dality"
Subject: The Big Bang was a Big Fart?!
To: tomas@yahoo.ca


Subject: too bad we couldn't bottle some of that "Big Bean" extract!

Whatever the force (of expansion) wch started the manifestation and continues the expansion of the universal space, it would seem to oppose the force of gravity and therefore is an antigravitational force
As space expands and the distances between objects increases, the force of attraction between objects also diminishes. So it would seem that the force of expansion is overcoming the force of gravitational attraction between objects.Therefore this force is an anti-gravity force.

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Date: Wed, 22 Mar 2006 18:51:25 -0500 (EST)
From: "tomas "
Subject: Re: GIANT BEAN
To: "bill dality"


PERHAPS THIS STRETCHING OF SPACE IS REFLECTED NOT SO MUCH
IN THE REGULAR THREE DIMENSIONS BUT RATHER IN THE FOURTH DIMENSION WE CALL TIME, WHICH APPEARS NOT TO BE CONSTANT BUT CONSTANTLY TICKING AWAY. THUS PERHAPS TIME IS A MANI-
FESTATION OF EXPANDING SPACE. PERHAPS TIME IS ANOTHER MYS-
TERY WE SHOULD MEDITATE UPON, JUST LIKE THE AWARENESS OF
LIGHT AND SPACE.
THE EXPANDING SPACE PERHAPS IS THE DRIVING
FORCE BEHIND EVERY MOTION, THE CAUSE OF ALL CHANGES, THE
ULTIMATE CAUSE OF AGING AND DEATH, THE ULTIMATE COSMIC
GEAR WHICH DRIVES ALL THE SMALLER GEARS.

WHAT FORCE CAUSES SPACE TO EXPAND? PROBABLY A GIANT BEAN IT DEVOURED IN THE BEGINNING!

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Date: Wed, 22 Mar 2006 10:13:38 -0800 (PST)
From: "bill dality"
Subject: What force causes space to expand
To: tomas@yahoo.ca



Subject: the conundrum of space's expansion


There may not be any limit to the speed at wch space expands. Einstein only placed a limit (light speed)on the velocity at wch an object can travel within and through space.
But if space itself is expanding , then all distances measured within space are being stretched,lenghened. This appears to contradict the Fitzgerald-Lorenz principle that distance contracts when measured in the direction of motion as an object accelerates towards the speed of light.How can the lenght of an object shrink/contract while spatial distance expands?
If space remained constant (neither contracting nor expanding) perhaps the illusion of spatial expansion could be generated by all objects within space shrinking.

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Date: Tue, 7 Mar 2006 10:42:45 -0800 (PST)
From: "bill dality"
Subject: finding the balance between being spaced in and spaced out
To: "tomas "


sPACe Man Tom:

Nice paradigm shift!
Space has been taken for granted for too long.
The brain seems to want to give attention to the diverse and interesting content of space rather than to space itself. (In the same way that we give our attention to the diverse and ever-changing content of awareness and ignore awareness itself!Yet awareness must be present before we can register sensation, thought,or emotion.)
Space is just too constant,too uniform and too boring.
Kind of like not being able to appreciate the forest for the trees.
Nice to see someone honoring/worshipping "space" and giving it it's due!


But isn't "empty?" space just a conceptual abstraction?
What is the experiental referent of "space".
What is your experience of "space"?

P.Z.I found out the other day that my cat who I was told is a male (named "Eli")is actually a female. So I have renamed her "Ali"--short for "Alien"

Bill "de-light" Dality
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tomas wrote:
MAY YOU BE ENLIGHTENED SOON. CURRENTLY WORKING ON MY ENSPACEMENT.

bill dality wrote:
Okay!
Sounds groovy cool, Man.
If spce does for you what the experience of light does for me,...the more space to ya!

The whole of space is full of Light!


PZ. there's a little devl in each of us!

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tomas votruba wrote:
SACRED INDEED AND WORTHY OF VENERATION IS THE SPACE OF THE UNIVERSE WHICH HOLDS EVERYTHING TOGETHER, SUSTAINS EVERYTHING, ENABLES US TO BE
AWARE OF ITS GLORY AND CONTINUOUSLY HOLDS FORTH
THE INVITATION TO ENTER IT WITHIN OURSELVES, FOR
NO MATTER WHERE WE GO, WE CONTINUOUSLY ENTER IT
WITHOUT EVER LEAVING IT. IT HOLDS US IN AN INTIMATE,
NEVER ENDING, INFINITELY SOFT EMBRACE.

HEY MAN, MAY THE LIGHT OF THIS NEW DAWN FIND ALL
YOUR CARES AND WORRIES GONE.

MESSAGE FROM A SPACED-OUT DEVIL´S ADVOCATE.


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The malleability of "space"and "time":
Some cosmologists claim that "space" and "time" were created at the Big Bang;
others say that "space" and "time" pre-existed the Big Bang event.

"Space" is capable of "expansion" and "contraction"

Einstein claimed that "space-time" is a single entity wch is deformed by gravity.

Is "space" a fundamental property of the universe?

Space and time are no more a part of the physical world than "words" and "numbers"
Some say that space (like "beauty","time",numbers,and words) exist only in the mind/brain of the beholder.
Space is an abstract derived concept --obtained by cubing a linear dimension.
When we think of space ,we usually think of three-dimensional space mathematically obtained by multiplying a unit of lenght by itself twice.By extension, we can also generate "4-dimensional space" (etc.) by the same mathematical procedure--namely by multiplying a unit of lenght by itself three times (etc.ad infinitum).
We may find such an entity difficult to visualize ,but can we say it is any less "real" than conventional 3-dimensional space?
Just as 3-dimensional space is mathematically derived by cubing a single linear dimension, additional dimensions can be similarly derived by multiplying by yet another coordinate...ad infinitum.
Despite their inherent limitations ,the ideas of time,space,causality have been immensely useful tools for processing information and organizing our experience of the universe. We are not likely to abandon them until some concept(s) of equal or greater usefullness emerge to replace them.These concepts are so deeply ingrained in our cognitive processes that they are assumed to have a reality and an existence of their own apart from the human mind.
Through the application of these conceptual tools (along with the symbols and rules of mathematics)we impose order upon,give meaning to ,and understand our experience of the universe,...and bend it to our will;i.e.achieve a modicum of control and predictability over it.
Concepts that could enable us to achieve greater understanding and mastery of the forces of nature have yet to be conceived.

Time and space (like numbers)do not really exist as entities in the physical world--except as products and projections of our own mind/brain.They are entities of pure thought--abstract mental constructs that have no empirical/experiential referent outside the human mind...wch the brain uses to organize and impose order upon the universe.
They are mental constructs that we use for dividing the universe into manageable delineated quanta (bounded quantifiable units)that can be more readily managed,controlled,and bent to our will.
Without such conceptual frameworks all the energy/information impinging upon us from the univers would be chaotic and unmanageable.
Understanding "time" and "space" as mental constructs rather than as external physical entities offers a new way of understanding the universe in wch we as observors are embedded!
In principle you could have an empty universe/space  without any matter/energy/observor to fill it

Springing forward;falling back:

The reality(or not)of time:

Time (like space) is a concept created by the human mind.
The "present" has no defined duration.  Sometimes referred to as the present "moment", ...a "moment" is still an infinitely divisible unit of time.
The "present" is an infinitesimal point where the past and future touch and merge together.
It is where time collapses into a "singularity"
In short , the "present" is continuous with eternity!

The flow of time is affected by velocity : t=d/v
as well as by gravity.

With regard to the variable speed of time flow, Einstein said that the greater the velocity of an observational/inertial frame of reference the slower the speed at wch time flows.

When things travel at speeds close to the speed of light, time slows down. For example, if you were travelling for 10 years in a spaceship that could go at 95% the speed of light then 32 years would go by for the people that stayed on Earth.

Thus time slows down as one approachs the speed of light,and at the speed of light time stops and stands still.

What is really interesting is that theoretically beyond "light speed", time reverses and flows backwards!