units of energy = units of mass
The newton is the unit of force derived in the SI system; it is equal to the amount of force required to accelerate a mass of one kilogram at a rate of one meter per second per second. In dimensional analysis, F=ma, multiplying m (kg) by a (m/s2), the dimension for 1 newton unit is therefore: 1N =1 kg·m/s²
energy is defined via work, the SI unit for energy is the same as the unit of work – the joule (J), named in honour of James Prescott Joule and his experiments on the mechanical equivalent of heat. In slightly more fundamental terms, 1 joule is equal to 1 newton-metre(the energy exerted by the force of one newton acting to move an object through a distance of one metre) and, in terms of SI base units:
1J = kg (m/s)^2 = 1 kg m2 s^−2,= (1 newton meter)
1 Joule = 6.24150974×10^18 eV
One joule in everyday life is approximately:
-the energy required to lift a small apple one meter straight up.
-the energy released when that same apple falls one meter to the ground.
Physicists commonly express the mass of fundamental particles in terms of their energy, but the energy unit used to do this is typically the electron volt (eV). 1eV = 1.60217646 * 10^ -19 joules (1 joule = 6.24150974 * 10^18 eV).
An energy unit that is used in atomic physics, particle physics and high energy physics is the electronvolt (eV).
One eV is equivalent to 1.60217653×10^−19 J.
1eV = 1.60217653×10^−19 J (Visible light has between 2 and 3 eV of energy per photon, and X-rays about 60,000 eV)
1Mev =10^6eV
1Gev =10^9eV (10^9 eV is the energy contained in a single proton at rest)
The energy of the most energetic gamma rays range between 10 to 100 GeV (ten billion to one hundred billion electron-volts per photon).Gamma rays are the most energetic form of light.
1TeV =10^12eV , or 1.602×10−7 J,
(The most-energetic known cosmic rays have an energy of 10^8 TeV)
The LHC slams beams of particles together at a collision energy of 7 TeV, or 7 million electron volts.(14 TeV: The 'Designed' collision energy of protons at the Large Hadron Collider.)The largest machine in the world (the LHC)can "see" particles that are 10^3 X smaller than a proton.Since the diameter of a proton is 2 × 10^-14 meters ,the LHC is a "microscope" that can detect particles down to 2 x 10^-17 meters in diameter.
By mass-energy equivalence, the electron volt is also a unit of mass.
It is common in particle physics, where mass and energy are often interchanged, to use eV/c2, where c is the speed of light in a vacuum
(from E = mc2). Even more common is to use a system of natural units and simply use eV, with c set to 1 as a unit of mass.
For example, an electron and a positron, each with a mass of 0.511 MeV/c2, can annihilate to yield 1.022 MeV of energy.
The proton has a mass of 0.938 GeV/c2, making a gigaelectronvolt (1Gev =10^9eV) a very convenient unit of mass for particle physics.
1 GeV/c2 = 1.783 × 10−27 kg
The atomic mass unit, 1 gram divided by Avogadro's number, is almost the mass of a hydrogen atom, which is mostly the mass of the proton. To convert to megaelectronvolts, use the formula:
1 amu = 931.46 MeV/c2 = 0.93146 GeV/c2
1 MeV/c2 = 1.074 × 10–3 amu
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
A coefficient is a constant or fixed number in front of a variable.
In the equation m = 1/c^2 x E (transposing E = mc^2)
1/c^2 is a coefficient equal to 1 / (the speed of light^2)
= 1/8.98755179 × 10^16 m^2 / s^2
= 0.111265006 × 10^16 s^2 / m^2
(error! see comment section)
= 1.11265006 × 10^15 s^2 / m^2
(error! see comment section)
If we write the equation E = mc^2 as E = c^2 m,
the coefficien c^2 =
(speed of light)^2 = 8.98755179 × 10^16 m^2 / s^2
Hence E= (8.98755179 × 10^16 m^2 / s^2 )x mass (in kg)
A proton at rest has a mass of 1.67 x 10^-27 kg.,
and this has the energy equivalence of 1 x 10^9 eV
Therefore 1 kg of protons has the energy equivalence of :
1 x 10^9 eV divided by 1.67 x 10^-27 kg
= 0.598802395 x 10^36 eV
=5.9 x 10^35 eV
(or converting eV to Joules):
Since 6.24150974×10^18 eV =1 joule,
5.9 x 10^35 eV = 5.9 x 10^35 eV /6.24150974×10^18 eV per joule
=0.94551 x 10^17 =9.45 x 10^16 joules
Therefore 1 kg of dirt (or anything) has the energy equivalence of 9.45 x 10^16 joules.
Since one megaton of TNT is defined as being equivalent to 4.184 × 10^15 J, , the energy equivalent of 1 kg of mass is approximately 21.5 megatons of TNT.(megaton of TNT = 4.184 × 10^15 J)
The "atomic bomb" detonated over Hiroshima in 1945 had an energy equivalent of between 13 and 18 kilotons of TNT (54 and 75 TJ)(kiloton of TNT = 4.184 × 10^12 J)
Hence the energy contained within 1 kg of any mass is 10,000 X greater than that released by the Hiroshima bomb!
But splitting a uranium atom (as in an atomic bomb)converts only 0.1 % of it's mass into energy,whereas mixing matter and antimatter is 100% efficient.
100 pounds of antimatter converted completely into energy would exceed the yield of all the world's nuclear weapons.
Another example: an electron has a rest mass of 9.10938188 * 10^-31 kilograms. It's rest mass expressed in electron volts is 9.1094*10^-31 kg * (2.998 *10^8 m/s)^2 * 6.242 *10^18 eV/J = 5.11*10^5 ev = 511 keV.
How many "joule-drops" of pure and perfect energy are you made of?
Hint: multiply your weight in kilograms by 9.45 x 10^16 joules
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Yes,..."from dust unto dust" ;
but,...more importantly, "from light unto light"!
The newton is the unit of force derived in the SI system; it is equal to the amount of force required to accelerate a mass of one kilogram at a rate of one meter per second per second. In dimensional analysis, F=ma, multiplying m (kg) by a (m/s2), the dimension for 1 newton unit is therefore: 1N =1 kg·m/s²
energy is defined via work, the SI unit for energy is the same as the unit of work – the joule (J), named in honour of James Prescott Joule and his experiments on the mechanical equivalent of heat. In slightly more fundamental terms, 1 joule is equal to 1 newton-metre(the energy exerted by the force of one newton acting to move an object through a distance of one metre) and, in terms of SI base units:
1J = kg (m/s)^2 = 1 kg m2 s^−2,= (1 newton meter)
1 Joule = 6.24150974×10^18 eV
One joule in everyday life is approximately:
-the energy required to lift a small apple one meter straight up.
-the energy released when that same apple falls one meter to the ground.
Physicists commonly express the mass of fundamental particles in terms of their energy, but the energy unit used to do this is typically the electron volt (eV). 1eV = 1.60217646 * 10^ -19 joules (1 joule = 6.24150974 * 10^18 eV).
An energy unit that is used in atomic physics, particle physics and high energy physics is the electronvolt (eV).
One eV is equivalent to 1.60217653×10^−19 J.
1eV = 1.60217653×10^−19 J (Visible light has between 2 and 3 eV of energy per photon, and X-rays about 60,000 eV)
1Mev =10^6eV
1Gev =10^9eV (10^9 eV is the energy contained in a single proton at rest)
The energy of the most energetic gamma rays range between 10 to 100 GeV (ten billion to one hundred billion electron-volts per photon).Gamma rays are the most energetic form of light.
1TeV =10^12eV , or 1.602×10−7 J,
(The most-energetic known cosmic rays have an energy of 10^8 TeV)
The LHC slams beams of particles together at a collision energy of 7 TeV, or 7 million electron volts.(14 TeV: The 'Designed' collision energy of protons at the Large Hadron Collider.)The largest machine in the world (the LHC)can "see" particles that are 10^3 X smaller than a proton.Since the diameter of a proton is 2 × 10^-14 meters ,the LHC is a "microscope" that can detect particles down to 2 x 10^-17 meters in diameter.
By mass-energy equivalence, the electron volt is also a unit of mass.
It is common in particle physics, where mass and energy are often interchanged, to use eV/c2, where c is the speed of light in a vacuum
(from E = mc2). Even more common is to use a system of natural units and simply use eV, with c set to 1 as a unit of mass.
For example, an electron and a positron, each with a mass of 0.511 MeV/c2, can annihilate to yield 1.022 MeV of energy.
The proton has a mass of 0.938 GeV/c2, making a gigaelectronvolt (1Gev =10^9eV) a very convenient unit of mass for particle physics.
1 GeV/c2 = 1.783 × 10−27 kg
The atomic mass unit, 1 gram divided by Avogadro's number, is almost the mass of a hydrogen atom, which is mostly the mass of the proton. To convert to megaelectronvolts, use the formula:
1 amu = 931.46 MeV/c2 = 0.93146 GeV/c2
1 MeV/c2 = 1.074 × 10–3 amu
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
A coefficient is a constant or fixed number in front of a variable.
In the equation m = 1/c^2 x E (transposing E = mc^2)
1/c^2 is a coefficient equal to 1 / (the speed of light^2)
= 1/8.98755179 × 10^16 m^2 / s^2
= 0.111265006 × 10^16 s^2 / m^2
(error! see comment section)
= 1.11265006 × 10^15 s^2 / m^2
(error! see comment section)
If we write the equation E = mc^2 as E = c^2 m,
the coefficien c^2 =
(speed of light)^2 = 8.98755179 × 10^16 m^2 / s^2
Hence E= (8.98755179 × 10^16 m^2 / s^2 )x mass (in kg)
A proton at rest has a mass of 1.67 x 10^-27 kg.,
and this has the energy equivalence of 1 x 10^9 eV
Therefore 1 kg of protons has the energy equivalence of :
1 x 10^9 eV divided by 1.67 x 10^-27 kg
= 0.598802395 x 10^36 eV
=5.9 x 10^35 eV
(or converting eV to Joules):
Since 6.24150974×10^18 eV =1 joule,
5.9 x 10^35 eV = 5.9 x 10^35 eV /6.24150974×10^18 eV per joule
=0.94551 x 10^17 =9.45 x 10^16 joules
Therefore 1 kg of dirt (or anything) has the energy equivalence of 9.45 x 10^16 joules.
Since one megaton of TNT is defined as being equivalent to 4.184 × 10^15 J, , the energy equivalent of 1 kg of mass is approximately 21.5 megatons of TNT.(megaton of TNT = 4.184 × 10^15 J)
The "atomic bomb" detonated over Hiroshima in 1945 had an energy equivalent of between 13 and 18 kilotons of TNT (54 and 75 TJ)(kiloton of TNT = 4.184 × 10^12 J)
Hence the energy contained within 1 kg of any mass is 10,000 X greater than that released by the Hiroshima bomb!
But splitting a uranium atom (as in an atomic bomb)converts only 0.1 % of it's mass into energy,whereas mixing matter and antimatter is 100% efficient.
100 pounds of antimatter converted completely into energy would exceed the yield of all the world's nuclear weapons.
Another example: an electron has a rest mass of 9.10938188 * 10^-31 kilograms. It's rest mass expressed in electron volts is 9.1094*10^-31 kg * (2.998 *10^8 m/s)^2 * 6.242 *10^18 eV/J = 5.11*10^5 ev = 511 keV.
How many "joule-drops" of pure and perfect energy are you made of?
Hint: multiply your weight in kilograms by 9.45 x 10^16 joules
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Yes,..."from dust unto dust" ;
but,...more importantly, "from light unto light"!
Yes... but before you can experience yourself as light, the soul must achieve a state of complete purity!
ReplyDeleteThat is, freedom from material pre-occupations (attachments)and desires--all of wch obscure and screen (blind us to) this vision of Reality
Matter and energy are not separate entities,but rather different symbols for the same thing.
ReplyDeleteThe real nature of light,and all that is,(including you and me)is unborn and undying.
Once this realization arises,one experiences fearlessness and freedom!
The drop becomes the ocean when it realizes that it too is water!!
ReplyDeleteThe sun is fueled by the nuclear fusion of Hydrogen atoms into Helium atoms :
ReplyDeleteH + H = He + energy
It takes the fusion of two Hydrogen atoms to form one Helium atom.
Helium weighs less than 2 hydrogen atoms, and the difference in weight /mass is radiated as energy.
In this process the sun loses
400 million tons of energy
per second!
This can also be found in chemical bonds. For example:
(C + O2 weighs more than CO2 )
The mass difference corresponds exactly to the energy we get from the burning of coal.
If we re-arrange the equation
ReplyDeletee=mc^2 to begin with c :
c^2 = e/m (1/c^2 = m/e )
c = √(e/m)
the speed of light = the square root of the ratio energy/mass
A precisely known fact about nuclear fusion: for every four protons converted to a helium nucleus, two neutrinos and 26.7 MeV of energy are released. (One MeV, or mega-electronvolt, is about twice the amount of energy that could be obtained if the mass of a single electron were somehow completely converted into energy.)
ReplyDeleteI think I made an error :
ReplyDeletethe correct value for the proportionality constant 1/C^2
= m/e
(the ratio of mass /energy)
(this ratio ,m/e ,is presumably the ratio of
potential energy/kinetic energy)
= 1 / (the speed of light^2)
= 1.11265006 × 10-^17 s2 / m2
Converting trash and nuclear waste into useable energy:
ReplyDeleteAlthough it is theoretically possible to release the enrgy stored in matte....until we know how to do so in an efficient and controlled mannerwe are not likely to see "nuclear furnace appliances" supplying the energy needs of every household.
What is only imaginable today,
ReplyDeleteall to often.
becomes the reality of tomorrow
Airplane travel was also till recently considered a violation of the laws of physics as we knew them. THERE was no known mechanism whereby a heavier-than-air object
Deletecould travel through air at supersonic velocities.
We must remind ourselves that electricity only became a common household reality in 1800!
Our knowledge of the "laws of physics " is far from complete.!!
Future generations of nuclear power reactors will be smaller, more efficyient,safer, and more economical to operate than the nuclear technology available today.
ReplyDeleteAccording to Einstein’s E=mcˆ2 formula,
Delete1Kg of any material will yield 9×10ˆ16 joules, or 2×10ˆ16 calories, of energy through complete nuclear reaction.
[E = mcˆ2 = 1 x (3 x 10ˆ8)ˆ2 joules = 20 x 10ˆ12 kilocals = 20 trillion kilocals]
Can someone confirm that the total amount of matter converted to energy in the first "Little Boy" bomb was 0.6 grams?
Deleteplaying with fire
DeleteThere was a time in human history when we feared the power of fire because it was uncontrollable.
Harnessing nuclear energy is just another step.
nuclear fusion reactors
Deletehttp://finance.yahoo.com/news/germany-start-monster-machine-could-152111129.html
watch: "Trinity and Beyond. The Atomic Bomb Movie"
ReplyDeleteUsama LaDLa
ReplyDeleteI just got to this amazing site not long ago. I was actually captured with the piece of resources you have got here. Big thumbs up for making such wonderful blog
Canadian physicists create, contain, and successfully stabilize atoms of antimatter
ReplyDeletehttps://www.cbc.ca/listen/live-radio/1-51-quirks-and-quarks/clip/15834966-cool-canadian-built-laser-help-scientists-probe-antimatter-mysteries
They made an anti-hydrogen atom consisting of a positive electron and a negative proton.
Previously atoms of antimatter were too unstable to be studied.They dematerialized in a burst of energy upon contact with ordinary matter.
Cooling the antimatter and suspending it in a magnetic field may allow a number of atoms of antimatter to be collected.
Trouble is, the input energy needed to create the antimatter may be greater than the output energy released upon its annihilation.
In nuclear fusion and fission reactions only a portion of the energy content of matter is released. ..but In matter-antimatter reactions 100% of the energy content of both entities is released.Presumably an antimatter/matter explosion would result in the release of. 100% of the total energy stored in both particles!!!!
Knowing the mass of a hydrogen atom (1.67 X 10-27 kilograms) it is easy to calculate the energy liberated when two hydrogen atoms annihilate(dematerialize)using the equation E = mc^2. (where E=1.67 X 10-27 kilograms X ( 300,000 km/sec) ^2
Don't know how much damage the annihilation of two hydrogen atoms would do. Haven't done the calculation!
But yeah if you were able to make a gram of the stuff, you better keep it away from any regular matter! They better have back-up power to keep the confining magnetic field active in case of power failure....or they could produce an explosion that would make Fukoshima (and even Hiroshima) seem like a hicup!
If we could figure out how to release the enormous energy stored in matter in a controlled manner, we would have access to an unlimited supply of energy.
One MeV, or mega-electronvolt, is about twice the amount of energy that could be obtained if the mass of a single electron were somehow completely converted into energy.)
ReplyDeleteHow many joules are in 1 MeV? - Quora
https://www.quora.com/How-many-joules-are-in-1-MeV
1 ev = 1 electron-v0lt = 1.602 x 10^-19 joules of energy. 1 Mev = 1 x !0^6 ev. Therefore 1 Mev = (1 x 10^6 ev) * (1.602 x 10^-19 joules/ev) The product is 1.602 x 10^-13 Joules. In decimal form 1 Mev = 0.0000000000001602 joules of energy.
so how much energy would be obtained if the mass of a single proton were somehow completely converted into energy?
ReplyDeleteAdam Jacholkowski
ReplyDeleteAnswered 2 years ago
If a proton is completely converted into energy, then how much energy is produced?
Mass of a proton expressed in energy units is 938.3 MeV while 1 MeV =1.60217662 × 10^-13 joules. Proton is a stable particle and cannot be converted into energy due to the baryon number conservation. This is only possible in annihilation process when interacting with an antiproton. But even in this process there is not always full conversion into pure energy (2 photons final s
The amount of matter converted to energy in the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima was about 700 milligrams, less than one-third the mass of a U.S. di me!
ReplyDeleteThe bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki exploded with the yield of 15 kilotons and 20 kilotons of TNT, respectively, according to the Union of Concerned Scientists.
ReplyDeleteIn contrast, the first test of a thermonuclear weapon, or hydrogen bomb, in the United States in November 1952 yielded an explosion on the order of 10,000 kilotons of TNT.
4184,000 megajoules in a kiloton or 4,184,000,000,000 joules
ReplyDeleteEverything is energy!
ReplyDeletehttps://m.youtube.com/watch?v=cWLOUCXKHZw