Monday, February 27, 2023

Why has the oldest known city on earth been ignored by archaeologists?






The City of Eridu is the Oldest on Earth, It's Largely Unexplored


By Michael Chary |
January 20, 2022 |
Seeking Truth, Ancient Origins, Ancient Civilizations Decoded


The Ruins Of Eridu, oldest city in the world
Over the past decade, there have been a number of archeological revelations pushing back the timeline of human evolution and our ancient ancestors' various diasporas. Initially, these discoveries elicit some resistance as archeologists bemoan the daunting prospect of rewriting the history books, though once enough evidence is presented to established institutions, a new chronology becomes accepted.

But this really only pertains to the era of human development that predates civilization — the epochs of our past in which we were merely hunter-gatherers and nomads roaming the savannahs. Try challenging the consensus timeline of human civilization and it's likely you'll be met with derision and rigidity.

Conversely, someone of an alternative persuasion may profess stories of ancient civilizations, such as Atlantis or Lemuria, with speculative mythology recounting a lost, golden age in human history that was surely responsible for building the pyramids and other wonders of the world. They point to the writings of Solon and Plato as evidence for these ancestors' existence, which is exciting but difficult to corroborate without physical proof.

Researcher Matt LaCroix seems to find himself somewhere in the middle of these two perspectives. While he says he's fascinated by the Athenian clues detailing the destruction of Atlantis, he finds more compelling evidence in ancient Mesopotamia, or what academia already acknowledges as "the cradle of civilization."

It's here we find the ruins of the most ancient city on Earth that we have physical proof of — the city of Eridu. This archaic metropolis is well-documented in historical texts covering ancient Sumer and the Babylonian empire, but there's also a mythological component to Eridu that may imply human civilization is far older than we believe — significant orders of magnitude older.

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That mythological component comes from the Sumerian King List; a record of ancient monarchs and demi-gods dating back more than 250,000 years to the time when "kingship first descended from heaven."

This royal chronicle ostensibly reads like mythology, with early kings said to have lived and ruled for tens of thousands of years, particularly during the antediluvian era. After the flood, however, the kings' reigns begin to shorten to hundreds of years — much like some of the patriarchs of the Old Testament — and eventually to lifespans matching our modern mortality. Not to mention, there's proof that the names of some of the more contemporary kings on the list did, in fact, exist.

The attempts to preserve documentation of this wildly ancient lineage trace back to the last great Assyrian king, Ashurbanipal, who ruled several thousand years ago. Thanks to his efforts compiling a massive library of Sumerian culture that was already ancient in his day, we have texts including the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Enūma Eliš that survived into modernity. Millennia later, these texts outlining the Sumerian pantheon would be discovered and translated by Austen Henry Layard, before then being famously interpreted by Zecharia Sitchin.

Sitchin's translations inspired many to ascribe to the idea that the Anunnaki gods of Sumerian lore were an extraterrestrial race of humanity's progenitors. LaCroix says Sitchin's perspective intrigued him at first too, but as he dug deeper he found details the alternative scholar got wrong. Namely, the idea that humans were created as a slave species for an industrious race of alien overseers who used humans to mine precious earth minerals.

Instead, LaCroix says the texts describe an incredible effort by a subset of the Anunnaki known as the Igigi, to build infrastructure on Earth that would allow civilization to flourish before creating mankind as a perfect species with the potential to ascend to enormous power — maybe even more than the Anunnaki themselves.

According to LaCroix, there may have been a number of times we came close to reaching that potential throughout our history on this planet, but we've been set back by natural disasters and conflict. These setbacks have sadly continued over the past decade as the war in the Middle East has led to the destruction of precious artifacts that could give us more insight into, arguably, the most important period in human history. These artifacts, particularly the countless cuneiform tablets in places like Nineveh, have been looted and sold on black markets around the world.

And if these sites are not being destroyed by religious extremists, they're being largely ignored by archeologists. A prime example of this is Eridu and its iconic ziggurat, the temple of E-Abzu, which remains buried in the sands of southern Iraq. According to Sumerian legend, Eridu was established by, and home to the Annunaki god Enki, himself. Here, cuneiform tablets are literally sticking up out of the sand waiting for the right people to come along, preserve them, and unlock the lost secrets of humanity.

To learn more about LaCroix's work to help preserve these records watch Eridu: City of Gods on Open Minds with Regina Meredith.

About the Author
Image of Author
With a pedigree in journalism, Michael Chary quickly became disenchanted with its mainstream narratives, opting instead to delve into the alternative and esoteric. A fan of the works of Graham Hancock, Daniel Pinchbeck, and Howard Zinn, Chary has learned there is more to our reality than we've been told.

Monday, February 6, 2023

Can the US avoid default on its 30 trillion dollar debt?!






https://finance.yahoo.com/news/us-hits-31-4-trillion-234748493.html


US 30 trillion. debt is mostly borrowed from China.If China calls in its loan it would cause a default wch would trigger a global financial and economic collapse.
The global financial system is volatile and unstable and would topple like a house of cards.
America's. only response would be to keep raising its "debt ceiling" (allowing it to borrow more money),and for the central bank (federal reserve) to print more money (so-called "quantitative easing"!). But this action  devalues the currency (i.e.  decreases the buying power of the currency)as people lose trust in the value of. paper money. (the value of money is measured by how much you can buy with it!). This results in having to pay more and more for the same item(inflation).

Even at a modest interest rate of 5%, the debt service cost for 30 trillion dollars is 1.5 trillion.This is close to 100 % of US annual budget (1.45 trillion) and 5,370  % of its 2023 GDP.($26,695.58B)



Friday, February 3, 2023

the burden of global military expenditure

Think of all the good this money could do if it were used for constructive purposes instead of preparing for war!
 Think what this money could do to solve poverty,inequality,injustice,disease,hunger!
Think of the resources that are diverted from humanitarian purposes!




World military expenditure passes $2 trillion for first time

https://www.globalfirepower.com/defense-spending-budget.php
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In 2020, the total world military expenditure was about $1.981 trillion.



In 2021 humanity spent 2.2% of the global GDP on military spending

As a result of a sharp economic recovery in 2021, the global military burden—world military expenditure as a share of world gross domestic product (GDP)—fell by 0.1 percentage points, from 2.3 per cent in 2020 to 2.2 per cent in 2021.

United States focuses on military research and development
US military spending amounted to $801 billion in 2021, a drop of 1.4 per cent from 2020. The US military burden decreased slightly from 3.7 per cent of GDP in 2020 to 3.5 per cent in 2021.


https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/military-spending-by-country

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World military expenditure passes $2 trillion for first time

25 April 2022
World military expenditure passes $2 trillion for first timeWorld military expenditure, by region, 1988–2021
(Stockholm, 25 April 2022) Total global military expenditure increased by 0.7 per cent in real terms in 2021, to reach $2113 billion. The five largest spenders in 2021 were the United States, China, India, the United Kingdom and Russia, together accounting for 62 per cent of expenditure, according to new data on global military spending published today by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI).

Military expenditure reaches record level in the second year of the pandemic
World military spending continued to grow in 2021, reaching an all-time high of $2.1 trillion. This was the seventh consecutive year that spending increased.

'Even amid the economic fallout of the Covid-19 pandemic, world military spending hit record levels,' said Dr Diego Lopes da Silva, Senior Researcher with SIPRI's Military Expenditure and Arms Production Programme. 'There was a slowdown in the rate of real-terms growth due to inflation. In nominal terms, however, military spending grew by 6.1 per cent.'

As a result of a sharp economic recovery in 2021, the global military burden—world military expenditure as a share of world gross domestic product (GDP)—fell by 0.1 percentage points, from 2.3 per cent in 2020 to 2.2 per cent in 2021.

United States focuses on military research and development
US military spending amounted to $801 billion in 2021, a drop of 1.4 per cent from 2020. The US military burden decreased slightly from 3.7 per cent of GDP in 2020 to 3.5 per cent in 2021.

US funding for military research and development (R&D) rose by 24 per cent between 2012 and 2021, while arms procurement funding fell by 6.4 per cent over the same period. In 2021 spending on both decreased. However, the drop in R&D spending (–1.2 per cent) was smaller than that in arms procurement spending (–5.4 per cent).

'The increase in R&D spending over the decade 2012–21 suggests that the United States is focusing more on next-generation technologies,' said Alexandra Marksteiner, Researcher with SIPRI's Military Expenditure and Arms Production Programme. 'The US Government has repeatedly stressed the need to preserve the US military's technological edge over strategic competitors.'

Russia increases military budget in run-up to war
Russia increased its military expenditure by 2.9 per cent in 2021, to $65.9 billion, at a time when it was building up its forces along the Ukrainian border. This was the third consecutive year of growth and Russia's military spending reached 4.1 per cent of GDP in 2021.

'High oil and gas revenues helped Russia to boost its military spending in 2021. Russian military expenditure had been in decline between 2016 and 2019 as a result of low energy prices combined with sanctions in response to Russia's annexation of Crimea in 2014,' said Lucie Béraud-Sudreau, Director of SIPRI's Military Expenditure and Arms Production Programme.

The 'national defence' budget line, which accounts for around three-quarters of Russia's total military spending and includes funding for operational costs as well as arms procurement, was revised upwards over the course of the year. The final figure was $48.4 billion, 14 per cent higher than had been budgeted at the end of 2020.

As it has strengthened its defences against Russia, Ukraine's military spending has risen by 72 per cent since the annexation of Crimea in 2014. Spending fell in 2021, to $5.9 billion, but still accounted for 3.2 per cent of the country's GDP.

Continued increases by major spenders in Asia and Oceania
China, the world's second largest spender, allocated an estimated $293 billion to its military in 2021, an increase of 4.7 per cent compared with 2020. China's military spending has grown for 27 consecutive years. The 2021 Chinese budget was the first under the 14th Five-Year Plan, which runs until 2025.

Following initial approval of its 2021 budget, the Japanese Government added $7.0 billion to military spending. As a result, spending rose by 7.3 per cent, to $54.1 billion in 2021, the highest annual increase since 1972. Australian military spending also increased in 2021: by 4.0 per cent, to reach $31.8 billion.

'China's growing assertiveness in and around the South and the East China seas have become a major driver of military spending in countries such as Australia and Japan,' said SIPRI Senior Researcher Dr Nan Tian. 'An example is the AUKUS trilateral security agreement between Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States that foresees the supply of eight nuclear-powered submarines to Australia at an estimated cost of up to $128 billion.'

Other notable developments:
In 2021 Iran's military budget increased for the first time in four years, to $24.6 billion. Funding for the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps continued to grow in 2021—by 14 per cent compared with 2020—and accounted for 34 per cent of Iran's total military spending.
Eight European North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) members reached the Alliance's target of spending 2 per cent or more of GDP on their armed forces in 2021. This is one fewer than in 2020 but up from two in 2014.
Nigeria raised its military spending by 56 per cent in 2021, to reach $4.5 billion. The rise came in response to numerous security challenges such as violent extremism and separatist insurgencies.
Germany—the third largest spender in Central and Western Europe—spent $56.0 billion on its military in 2021, or 1.3 per cent of its GDP. Military spending was 1.4 per cent lower compared with 2020 due to inflation.
In 2021 Qatar's military spending was $11.6 billion, making it the fifth largest spender in the Middle East. Qatar's military spending in 2021 was 434 per cent higher than in 2010, when the country last released spending data before 2021.
India's military spending of $76.6 billion ranked third highest in the world. This was up by 0.9 per cent from 2020 and by 33 per cent from 2012. In a push to strengthen the indigenous arms industry, 64 per cent of capital outlays in the military budget of 2021 were earmarked for acquisitions of domestically produced arms.


For editors
SIPRI monitors developments in military expenditure worldwide and maintains the most comprehensive, consistent and extensive publicly available data source on military expenditure. The comprehensive annual update of the SIPRI Military Expenditure Database is accessible from today at www.sipri.org.

All percentage changes are expressed in real terms (constant 2020 prices) unless otherwise stated. Military expenditure refers to all government spending on current military forces and activities, including salaries and benefits, operational expenses, arms and equipment purchases, military construction, research and development, and central administration, command and support. SIPRI therefore discourages the use of terms such as 'arms spending' when referring to military expenditure, as this represents only one category of expenditure.

# militarism